formic acid

1. Kev siv tseem ceeb ntawm formic acid thiab kev tshawb fawb kev nce qib hauv roj hlwb
Raws li cov khoom siv hydrogen, formic acid tuaj yeem tso tawm ntau cov hydrogen rau kev siv los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsim nyog thaum xav tau, thiab nws yog qhov nruab nrab ruaj khov rau kev siv dav thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm hydrogen zog.
Formic acid tsis tsuas yog siv dav hauv kev lag luam thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem siv los ua ib qho chaw tshiab hauv txoj kev snow melting tus neeg sawv cev los tiv thaiv dej hauv av.
Formic acid kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov roj hlwb uas siv formic acid ncaj qha los ua cov khoom siv raw. Los ntawm reacting formic acid nrog oxygen los tsim cov pa roj carbon dioxide thiab dej, cov roj hlwb tuaj yeem tsim hluav taws xob los siv cov khoom siv me me xws li xov tooj ntawm tes thiab laptops.
Cov roj hlwb feem ntau yog cov roj ntsha hydrogen thiab methanol roj hlwb. Cov kev txwv ntawm hydrogen roj hlwb yog tus nqi siab ntawm cov thawv me me hydrogen, lub zog qis ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide, thiab kev thauj mus los thiab kev siv hydrogen; Txawm hais tias methanol muaj lub zog ceev, nws cov electrocatalytic oxidation tus nqi qis dua li ntawm hydrogen, thiab methanol yog tshuaj lom, uas cuam tshuam nws txoj kev siv dav. Formic acid yog kua nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, muaj me ntsis toxicity, thiab muaj zog electromotive zog tshaj hydrogen thiab methanol, yog li formic acid roj hlwb muaj peev xwm ntau dua thiab daim ntawv thov ntau piv nrog hydrogen thiab methanol roj hlwb [9-10]. Direct formic acid roj cell (DFAFC) yog lub cim tshiab ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes thiab lub zog siv hluav taws xob vim nws txoj kev tsim khoom yooj yim, lub zog tshwj xeeb thiab lub zog. Cov thev naus laus zis hloov cov tshuaj siv hluav taws xob khaws cia hauv formic acid thiab oxygen ncaj qha rau hauv hluav taws xob.
Lub roj teeb, yog tias tsim, yuav muaj peev xwm muab ib ncig ntawm 10 watts ntawm lub zog tsis tu ncua, uas txhais tau hais tias nws tuaj yeem siv cov khoom siv me me. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li lub zog siv hluav taws xob, cov roj hluav taws xob ncaj qha ntawm cov roj ntsha muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab thiab lub teeb, xws li tsis muaj plug-in charge, piv nrog lithium-ion roj teeb. Raws li cov thev naus laus zis loj hlob tuaj, nws xav tias yuav sib tw nrog cov roj teeb lithium hauv kev lag luam me me hluav taws xob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, formic acid roj hlwb muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov kev sib txuas, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv me, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv me me, thiab tuaj yeem tsim cov zis loj dua ceev ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, uas feem ntau nyiam los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij hauv kev lag luam. Kev lag luam hluav taws xob yuav yog cov neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig loj dua yog tias cov roj teeb zoo li no ua tau zoo. Nrog rau kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis thiab txo tus nqi, formic acid roj cell yuav qhia tau tias muaj kev cia siab zoo ntawm daim ntawv thov kev lag luam vim nws cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.
Formic acid, raws li cov khoom siv tshuaj nrog cov nqi ntxiv hauv kev ua cov pa roj carbon dioxide thiab hauv kev rov ua dua cov khoom siv tshuaj, yog ib qho khoom ntxiv ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide thiab txo cov nqi tsim khoom. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nws yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau kev rov ua dua ntawm cov pa roj carbon thiab lub zog thiab kev sib txawv ntawm cov peev txheej.

2. Formic acid yog formic acid. Puas yog formic acid acetic acid?
Formic acid yog formic acid, formic acid tsis yog acetic acid, acetic acid tsis formic acid, formic acid yog formic acid. Koj puas xav tias Xiaobian yog tawv heev, qhov tseeb, Xiaobian yog lub siab dawb paug rau koj los qhia ob yam tshuaj sib txawv no.
Formic acid tseem hu ua formic acid thiab muaj cov mis HCOOH. Formic acid tsis muaj xim tab sis pungent thiab caustic, blistering thiab ces liab thaum sib cuag nrog tib neeg daim tawv nqaij. Formaldehyde muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm ob qho tib si acid thiab aldehyde. Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, formic acid yog siv rau hauv roj hmab, tshuaj, dyes, tawv industries. Formic acid, los ntawm nws lub npe, yog ib qho yooj yim carboxylic acid. Cov kua dej tsis muaj xim nrog cov ntxhiab tsw. Tsis muaj electrolyte, melting point 8.6, boiling point 100.7. Nws yog acidic heev thiab caustic, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau khaus tawv nqaij. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv secretions ntawm muv thiab tej yam ntsaum thiab kab ntsig.
formic acid (formic acid) yog ib qho kev txo qis carboxylic acid nrog ib qho carbon. Nws tau pom yav dhau los hauv cov ntsaum, yog li lub npe formic acid.
Acetic acid, tseem hu ua acetic acid (36% -38%), glacial acetic acid (98%), tshuaj formula CH3COOH, yog ib hom organic monic acid, ua lub ntsiab tivthaiv ntawm vinegar. Ntshiab anhydrous acetic acid (glacial acetic acid) yog cov xim tsis muaj xim hygroscopic nrog qhov chaw khov ntawm 16.6 ℃ thiab tsis muaj xim siv lead ua tom qab solidification. Nws cov tshuaj aqueous yog tsis muaj zog acidic thiab erosive, thiab cov chav muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau lub qhov muag thiab qhov ntswg.
Formic acid yog dav siv nyob rau hauv chemical pharmaceuticals, roj hmab coagulant, textile, luam ntawv thiab dyeing, electroplating, tawv teb, yog cov yooj yim raw khoom ntawm organic tshuaj kev lag luam, feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam feem ntau yog hais txog 85% formic acid.

3. Koj ua li cas tshem dej ntawm formic acid?
Formic acid kom tshem tawm dej, tuaj yeem ntxiv anhydrous tooj liab sulfate, anhydrous magnesium sulfate kom tshem tawm dej, cov no yog cov txheej txheem tshuaj, ntxiv rau cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb
(1) Txhawm rau tso cov kua qaub sulfuric acid tso rau hauv formic acid, yuav tsum tau ntxiv los ntawm qhov sib cais funnel. Yog li ntawd, peb yuav tsum xaiv lub ② ntaus ntawv; Sodium hydroxide tov, calcium hydroxide tov tuaj yeem nqus tau me me ntawm cov roj formic acid sib xyaw hauv CO, tab sis lub peev xwm nqus ntawm sodium hydroxide tov muaj zog dua li calcium hydroxide tov. Yog li, cov khoom siv yeem ③;
(2) Cov pa roj carbon monoxide tsim tawm yog tawm ntawm B, los ntawm D mus rau hauv cov tshuaj sodium hydroxide kom tshem tawm cov roj formic acid, thiab los ntawm C; Thiab ces koj mus rau hauv G, nyob rau hauv rhuab tej yam kev mob. Cov pa roj carbon monoxide txo qis ntawm tooj liab oxide, roj los ntawm H, thiab tom qab ntawd los ntawm F mus rau hauv cov tshuaj calcium hydroxide, sim carbon dioxide tsim. Yog li, qhov sib txuas sib txuas ntawm txhua qhov ntsuas yog: B, D, C, G, H, F.
(3) Raws li cov cua sov, tooj liab oxide raug txo kom tooj liab, yog li, txij thaum pib cua sov mus rau qhov kawg ntawm qhov kev sim, cov xim hloov ntawm tooj liab oxide hmoov yog: dub ua liab, qhov sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog: CuO + CO
△ Cu + CO2.
(4) Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los tsim CO, concentrated sulfuric acid dehydrates formic acid los tsim carbon monoxide, uas plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub cev qhuav dej.
Cov lus teb yog:
(1) ②, ③;
(2) BDCGHF;
(3) Dub rau liab, CuO + CO △Cu + CO2;
(4) lub cev qhuav dej.

4. Kev piav qhia ntawm cov khoom, kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev cia ntawm anhydrous formic acid
Formic acid concentration yog siab tshaj 95% los ua concentrated formic acid, concentration siab tshaj 99.5% hu ua anhydrous formic acid, yog cov ntaub ntawv raw ntawm cov organic chemical kev lag luam, tau dav siv nyob rau hauv tshuaj chemical, roj hmab coagulant, textile, luam ntawv thiab dyeing. , electroplating, tawv thiab lwm yam teb, qhov no thiab anhydrous formic acid zog thiab stability yog inseparable, ntawm cov khoom thiab stability ntawm anhydrous formic acid thiab cia txoj kev piav raws li nram no:
Khoom thiab stability ntawm anhydrous formic acid:
1. Cov khoom siv tshuaj: Formic acid yog ib qho muaj zog txo tus neeg sawv cev thiab tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv iav nyiaj. Nws yog acidic ntau nyob rau hauv saturated fatty acids, thiab qhov dissociation tas li yog 2.1 × 10-4. Nws maj mam tawg mus rau hauv cov pa roj carbon monoxide thiab dej ntawm chav tsev kub. Nrog concentrated sulfuric acid cua sov 60 ~ 80 ℃, decomposition tso carbon monoxide. Formic acid decomposes tso carbon dioxide thiab hydrogen thaum rhuab saum 160 ℃. Cov alkali hlau ntsev ntawm formic acid yog rhuab ntawm *** 400 ℃ los ua oxalate.
2. Formic acid dissolves rog. Kev nqus cov formic acid vapors tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav rau qhov ntswg thiab qhov ncauj mucosa thiab tuaj yeem ua rau mob. Hnav daim npog qhov ncauj thiab cov hnab looj tes roj hmab thaum tuav cov concentrated formic acid. Lub rooj cob qhia yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv da dej thiab qhov muag, qhov chaw ua haujlwm yuav tsum muaj qhov cua zoo, thiab qhov siab dua qhov tso cai rau formic acid concentration nyob rau hauv cov huab cua nyob rau hauv ciam teb cheeb tsam yog 5 * 10-6. Cov neeg ua pa nqus pa yuav tsum tawm ntawm qhov chaw tam sim ntawd, nqus cua tshiab, thiab nqus tau 2% atomized sodium bicarbonate. Ib zaug kis nrog formic acid, ntxuav tam sim ntawd nrog dej ntau, xyuam xim tsis txhob so nrog daim ntaub ntub dej.
3. Kev ruaj ntseg: ruaj khov
4. Polymerization txaus ntshai: Tsis muaj polymerization
5. Forbidden compound: muaj zog oxidant, muaj zog alkali, active hlau hmoov
Anhydrous formic acid cia txoj kev:
Kev ceev faj cia rau anhydrous formic acid: Khaws rau hauv qhov chaw txias, qhov cua txias. Khaws kom deb ntawm hluav taws thiab cua sov. Qhov kub ntawm chav cia tsis tshaj 32 ℃, thiab cov av noo ntawm cov txheeb ze tsis tshaj 80%. Khaws lub thawv kaw. Nws yuav tsum tau muab cais los ntawm oxidizer, alkali thiab active hlau hmoov, thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob tov. Nruab nrog cov khoom sib xws thiab qhov ntau ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Qhov chaw cia khoom yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov khoom siv kho mob thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev thiab cov khoom tuav tsim nyog.

5. Formic acid yog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ntau hauv peb lub neej.
Rau feem ntau cov neeg, lub ntsiab feature ntawm formic acid yog nws pungent tsw, uas yuav hnov ​​​​tsw nyob deb, tab sis qhov no kuj yog lub tswv yim ntawm cov neeg feem coob ntawm formic acid.
Yog li cas yog formic acid? Dab tsi yog siv rau? Nws tshwm sim qhov twg hauv peb lub neej? Tos, ntau tus neeg teb tsis tau qhov ntawd.
Qhov tseeb, nws yog qhov nkag siab tias formic acid tsis yog cov khoom lag luam pej xeem tom qab tag nrho, kom nkag siab nws, lossis kom muaj kev paub, kev ua haujlwm lossis kev ua haujlwm.
Raws li cov xim tsis muaj xim, tab sis muaj cov ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab ntawm cov kua, nws kuj muaj cov kua qaub thiab corrosive, yog tias peb tsis ceev faj siv cov ntiv tes los yog lwm yam ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog nws, ces cov tawv nqaij ntawm lub ntsej muag yuav yog vim nws khaus. ncaj qha foaming, yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob sai li sai tau, rau kev kho mob.
Tab sis txawm hais tias formic acid yog qhov dav dav hauv kev paub txog pej xeem, hauv lub neej tiag tiag, nws yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, tsis tsuas yog tshwm sim hauv txhua qhov ntawm peb lub neej, muaj ntau yam uas koj tsis tau xav txog, qhov tseeb. , formic acid muaj nyob, thiab kuj ua tau ntau pab. Tuav txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb heev.
Formic acid tuaj yeem pom hauv kev lag luam xws li tshuaj tua kab, tawv, dyes, tshuaj thiab roj hmab, yog tias koj them me ntsis.
Formic acid thiab aqueous daws ntawm formic acid tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog yaj hlau oxides, hydroxides thiab ntau yam hlau, tab sis kuj yog cov qauv uas lawv tsim tuaj yeem yaj hauv dej, yog li lawv tuaj yeem siv los ua tshuaj ntxuav.
Ntxiv nrog rau cov ntawv thov saum toj no, formic acid kuj tuaj yeem siv tau raws li hauv qab no:
1. Tshuaj: vitamin B1, mebendazole, aminopyrine, thiab lwm yam;
2, tshuaj tua kab: hmoov xeb ning, triazolone, tricyclozole, triamidazole, polybulozole, tenobulozole, insecticidal ether, thiab lwm yam.;
3. Chemistry: calcium formate, sodium formate, ammonium formate, potassium formate, ethyl formate, barium formate, formamide, roj hmab antioxidant, neopentyl glycol, epoxy soybean roj, epoxy octyl soybean roj, tervalyl chloride, xim Remover, phenolic resin, pickling hlau phaj, etc.;
4, tawv: tawv tanning npaj, deashing tus neeg saib xyuas thiab neutralizing tus neeg saib xyuas;
5, roj hmab: ntuj roj hmab coagulant;
6, lwm tus: luam ntawv thiab dyeing mordant, fiber ntau thiab ntawv dyeing tus neeg saib xyuas, kho tus neeg saib xyuas, plasticizer, zaub mov khaws cia thiab tsiaj pub additives, thiab lwm yam.