【Qhov txawv】
Lub melting point ntawm high-purity acetic acid yog 16.7 degrees, yog li cov acetic acid yuav tsim dej khov tom qab qhov kub thiab txias, thiab nws yog hu ua glacial acetic acid. Acetic acid yog lub npe dav, tuaj yeem ua siab dawb huv, tuaj yeem ua kom tsis muaj purity. Glacial acetic acid thiab acetic acid yog tib yam khoom, nrog rau qhov muaj zog pungent tsw, qhov sib txawv tsuas yog txawm tias nws yog khoom, acetic acid feem ntau yog kua ntawm chav tsev kub ntawm 20 ° C, thiab nws feem ntau yog cov khoom ntawm qhov kub ntawm 16 ° C. C, uas tseem hu ua glacial acetic acid.
Glacial acetic acid (ntshiab teeb meem), uas yog, anhydrous acetic acid, acetic acid yog ib qho tseem ceeb organic acids, organic compounds. Nws solidifies rau hauv dej khov ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab feem ntau hu ua glacial acetic acid. Lub ntim expansion thaum lub sij hawm solidification yuav ua rau lub thawv rupture. Lub teeb nyem yog 39 ℃, qhov txwv tawg yog 4.0% ~ 16.0%, thiab qhov tso cai rau huab cua tsis tshaj 25mg / m3. Ntshiab acetic acid yuav khov rau hauv cov dej khov zoo li hauv qab lub melting point, yog li anhydrous acetic acid kuj hu ua glacial acetic acid.
Tsis tas li ntawd, acetic acid yog qhov ntxov tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau siv cov kua qaub tsw hauv Suav teb. Acetic acid (36% -38%), glacial acetic acid (98%), tshuaj formula CH3COOH, yog ib qho organic monic acid, cov ntsiab lus ntawm vinegar.
【 txheej txheem】
Acetic acid tuaj yeem npaj los ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv dag zog thiab cov kab mob fermentation. Biosynthesis, kev siv cov kab mob fermentation, suav txog tsuas yog 10% ntawm lub ntiaj teb tag nrho cov khoom tsim, tab sis tseem yog txoj kev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim cov acetic acid, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vinegar, vim tias ntau lub teb chaws cov cai tswj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov zaub mov xav kom vinegar hauv zaub mov yuav tsum tau npaj los ntawm Cov txheej txheem lom neeg, thiab fermentation tau muab faib ua aerobic fermentation thiab anaerobic fermentation.
(1) Aerobic fermentation txoj kev
Thaum muaj cov pa oxygen txaus, cov kab mob Acetobacter tuaj yeem tsim cov acetic acid los ntawm cov khoom noj uas muaj cawv. Feem ntau cider lossis cawv tov nrog nplej, malt, mov lossis qos yaj ywm yog mashed thiab fermented. Cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem fermented rau hauv acetic acid nyob rau hauv muaj cov catalytic enzyme nyob rau hauv oxygen.
(2) Txoj kev anaerobic fermentation
Qee cov kab mob anaerobic, suav nrog qee cov tswv cuab ntawm Clostridium genus, muaj peev xwm hloov cov suab thaj ncaj qha mus rau acetic acid yam tsis tas yuav muaj ethanol ua ib qho nruab nrab. Sucrose tuaj yeem fermented rau hauv acetic acid thaum tsis muaj oxygen.
Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau cov kab mob muaj peev xwm tsim tau acetic acid los ntawm cov tebchaw uas muaj cov pa roj carbon monoxide nkaus xwb, xws li methanol, carbon monoxide, lossis kev sib xyaw ntawm carbon dioxide thiab hydrogen.
【Application】
1. Acetic acid derivatives: mas siv nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ntawm acetic anhydride, acetate, terephthalic acid, vinyl acetate / polyvinyl cawv, cellulose acetate, ketenone, chloroacetic acid, halogenated acetic acid, thiab lwm yam
2. Tshuaj: Acetic acid, raws li cov kuab tshuaj thiab tshuaj raw khoom, feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov penicillin G potassium, penicillin G sodium, procaine penicillin, antipyretic ntsiav tshuaj, sulfadiazine, sulfamethylisoxazole, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, acetylsalicylic acid, phenacetin, prednisone. , caffeine thiab lwm yam intermediates: acetate, sodium diacetate, peracetic acid, thiab lwm yam
3. Pigment thiab textile printing thiab dyeing: mas siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov disperse dyes thiab VAT dyes, raws li zoo raws li textile printing thiab dyeing ua
4. Synthetic ammonia: Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tooj liab acetate ammonia kua, siv los ua refined synthesis gas kom tshem tawm ib tug me me ntawm CO thiab CO2 muaj nyob rau hauv nws.
5. Hauv cov duab: Daim ntawv qhia rau tus tsim tawm
6. Hauv cov roj hmab ntuj: siv los ua coagulant
7. Kev tsim kho kev lag luam: ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv
Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj tau siv dav hauv kev kho dej, cov khoom siv hluavtaws, tshuaj tua kab, plastics, tawv, coatings, hlau ua thiab kev lag luam roj hmab.
Post lub sij hawm: Dec-18-2024