Kev npaj thiab kev siv ntawm glacial acetic acid

Kev npaj thiab kev siv ntawm glacial acetic acid

Acetic acid, kuj huacetic acid, glacial acetic acid, tshuaj formulaCH3 COJ, yog ib qho organic monic acid thiab luv-chain saturated fatty acid, uas yog lub hauv paus ntawm acid thiab pungent tsw nyob rau hauv vinegar. Raws li ib txwm muaj, nws yog hu ua "acetic acid", tab sis ntshiab thiab ze li ntawm anhydrous acetic acid (tsawg dua 1% dej ntsiab lus) yog hu ua "glacial acetic acid", uas yog cov xim tsis muaj xim hygroscopic nrog qhov khov ntawm 16 txog 17° C (62° F), thiab tom qab solidification, nws yog xim tsis muaj kob. Txawm hais tias acetic acid yog cov kua qaub uas tsis muaj zog, nws yog corrosive, nws cov vapors ua rau khaus qhov muag thiab qhov ntswg, thiab nws tsw tsw ntxhiab thiab qaub.

keeb kwm

Txhua xyoo thoob ntiaj teb xav tauacetic acid yog kwv yees li 6.5 lab tons. Ntawm qhov no, kwv yees li 1.5 lab tons yog rov siv dua thiab qhov seem 5 lab tons yog tsim ncaj qha los ntawm petrochemical feedstocks los yog los ntawm kev lom neeg fermentation.

Covglacial acetic acid Cov kab mob fermenting (Acetobacter) tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv txhua lub ces kaum ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, thiab txhua lub teb chaws inevitably pom vinegar thaum ua cawv txiv hmab - nws yog cov khoom ntuj tsim ntawm cov dej cawv uas raug huab cua. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Suav teb, muaj ib lo lus hais tias Du Kang tus tub, Dub Tower, tau txais vinegar vim nws ua cawv rau ntev heev.

Kev siv ntawmglacial acetic acidnyob rau hauv chemistry hnub rov qab mus rau ancient sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 3 BC, Greek philosopher Theophrastus tau piav qhia txog yuav ua li cas acetic acid reacts nrog hlau los tsim pigments siv nyob rau hauv kos duab, xws li dawb lead (lead carbonate) thiab patina (ib tug sib tov ntawm tooj liab ntsev nrog rau tooj liab acetate). Cov neeg Loos thaum ub tau muab cov kua txiv qaub rau hauv cov thawv txhuas los tsim cov kua qab zib hu ua sapa. sapa yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv ib tug qab zib-smoov lead qab zib, lead acetate, uas ua rau cov lead lom ntawm cov nom tswv Roman. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 8th, Persian alchemist Jaber concentrated acetic acid nyob rau hauv vinegar los ntawm distillation.

Nyob rau xyoo 1847, tus kws tshawb fawb German Adolf Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe tau tsim cov acetic acid los ntawm cov khoom siv tsis zoo rau thawj zaug. Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog thawj carbon disulfide los ntawm chlorination rau hauv carbon tetrachloride, ua raws li qhov kub-kub decomposition ntawm tetrachlorethylene tom qab hydrolysis, thiab chlorination, yog li tsim trichloroacetic acid, lub xeem kauj ruam los ntawm electrolytic txo los tsim acetic acid.

Xyoo 1910, feem ntau ntawm covglacial acetic acid tau muab rho tawm los ntawm thee tar los ntawm retorted ntoo. Ua ntej, thee tar yog kho nrog calcium hydroxide, thiab tom qab ntawd cov calcium acetate tsim yog acidified nrog sulfuric acid kom tau acetic acid nyob rau hauv nws. Txog 10,000 tons ntawm glacial acetic acid tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees lub sij hawm no, 30% ntawm cov uas tau siv los ua indigo dye.

kev npaj

Glacial acetic acid tuaj yeem npaj los ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws thiab cov kab mob fermentation. Niaj hnub no, biosynthesis, kev siv cov kab mob fermentation, tsuas yog 10% ntawm tag nrho lub ntiaj teb cov khoom tsim, tab sis tseem yog txoj kev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, vim tias cov cai tswj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom noj hauv ntau lub teb chaws xav kom cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv cov zaub mov yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj roj ntsha. 75% ntawmacetic acid rau kev lag luam siv yog tsim los ntawm carbonylation ntawm methanol. Cov khoom seem yog synthesized los ntawm lwm txoj kev.

siv

Glacial acetic acid yog ib qho yooj yim carboxylic acid, muaj xws li ib pawg methyl thiab ib pawg carboxylic, thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshuaj reagent. Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, nws yog siv los ua polyethylene terephthalate, cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm lub raj mis haus.Glacial acetic acid Nws kuj yog siv los ua cellulose acetate rau zaj duab xis thiab polyvinyl acetate rau ntoo adhesives, nrog rau ntau yam hluavtaws fibers thiab fabrics. Hauv tsev, dilute tov ntawm glacial acetic acidfeem ntau yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev descaling. Hauv kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus, acetic acid tau teev tseg raws li kev tswj hwm acidity hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv E260.

Glacial acetic acidyog cov tshuaj reagent yooj yim siv rau hauv kev npaj ntawm ntau lub tebchaw. Kev siv ib leeg acetic acid yog kev npaj ntawm vinyl acetate monomer, ua raws li kev npaj ntawm acetic anhydride thiab lwm yam esters. Covacetic acid nyob rau hauv vinegar tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm tag nrho covglacial acetic acid.

Diluted acetic acid tov kuj feem ntau siv los ua cov tshuaj tshem tawm xeb vim nws cov acidity me ntsis. Nws cov acidity kuj yog siv los kho cov kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm Cubomedusae thiab, yog tias siv rau lub sijhawm, tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev raug mob hnyav lossis tuag taus los ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov jellyfish stinging hlwb. Nws kuj tseem siv tau los npaj rau kev kho mob otitis externa nrog Vosol.Acetic acid Nws kuj yog siv los ua tshuaj tua kab mob los tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob thiab fungi.