Kev ua haujlwm ntawm formic acid

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, nrog rau qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov peev txheej fossil thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm tib neeg nyob ib puag ncig, kev siv tau zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom siv txuas ntxiv dua tshiab xws li biomass tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb.Formic acid, ib qho ntawm cov khoom lag luam tseem ceeb hauv biorefining, muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm pheej yig thiab yooj yim kom tau txais, tsis muaj tshuaj lom, muaj zog ceev ceev, rov ua dua tshiab thiab degradable, thiab lwm yam. Kev siv nws rau kev siv hluav taws xob tshiab thiab kev hloov tshuaj lom neeg tsis tsuas yog pab kom nthuav dav ntxiv. daim ntawv thov teb ntawmformic acid, tab sis kuj pab daws qee cov teeb meem hauv lub cev tsis muaj zog nyob rau yav tom ntej biorefining thev naus laus zis. Daim ntawv no luv luv los tshuaj xyuas keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb ntawm formic acid kev siv, summarized cov kev tshawb fawb tshiab tshaj plaws ntawmformic acid Raws li kev ua tau zoo thiab ntau lub hom phiaj reagent thiab raw khoom hauv tshuaj synthesis thiab catalytic hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm biomass, thiab muab piv thiab txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab catalytic system ntawm kev siv. formic acid kev ua kom ua tiav cov tshuaj hloov pauv tau zoo. Nws tau taw qhia tias kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej yuav tsum tsom mus rau kev txhim kho kev siv cov tshuaj formic acid thiab ua kom muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke siab, thiab txuas ntxiv nthuav dav nws daim ntawv thov teb ntawm lub hauv paus no.

Hauv chemical synthesis,formic acid, raws li ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg thiab rov ua dua tshiab ntau lub luag haujlwm reagent, tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev xaiv hloov pauv ntawm ntau pawg ua haujlwm. Raws li hydrogen hloov reagent lossis txo tus neeg sawv cev nrog cov ntsiab lus hydrogen siab,formic acid muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm yooj yim thiab tswj tau, mob me me thiab kev xaiv tshuaj lom neeg zoo piv nrog cov tshuaj hydrogen. Nws yog dav siv hauv kev xaiv txo qis ntawm aldehydes, nitro, imines, nitriles, alkynes, alkenes thiab lwm yam los tsim cov cawv sib xws, amines, alkenes thiab alkanes. Thiab hydrolysis thiab kev ua haujlwm pab pawg tiv thaiv cov cawv thiab epoxides. Hauv kev pom ntawm qhov tseeb tiasformic acid tseem tuaj yeem siv los ua C1 cov khoom siv raw, ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm ntau lub hom phiaj yooj yim reagent,formic acid Kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv rau kev txo qis ntawm quinoline derivatives, formylation thiab methylation ntawm amine compounds, carbonylation ntawm olefin thiab txo hydration ntawm alkynes thiab lwm yam multistage tandem tshua, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua tau zoo thiab yooj yim ntsuab synthesis ntawm nplua thiab complex organic. molecules. Cov kev sib tw ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog nrhiav multifunctional catalysts nrog kev xaiv siab thiab kev ua haujlwm rau kev tswj xyuas kom ua haujlwm ntawm formic acid thiab tej pab pawg ua haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau pom tias siv cov tshuaj formic acid raws li C1 raw khoom tuaj yeem ncaj qha ua cov tshuaj lom neeg xws li methanol nrog kev xaiv siab los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv catalytic disproportionation.

Nyob rau hauv lub catalytic hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm biomass, multifunctional zog ntawmformic acidmuab lub peev xwm rau kev ua tiav ntawm ntsuab, nyab xeeb thiab raug nqi biorefining txheej txheem. Cov peev txheej biomass yog qhov loj tshaj plaws thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws rau lwm cov peev txheej, tab sis hloov lawv mus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv siv tau tseem yog qhov nyuaj. Cov kua qaub thiab cov kuab tshuaj zoo ntawm formic acid tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem pretreatment ntawm biomass raw khoom kom paub txog kev sib cais ntawm lignocellulose Cheebtsam thiab cellulose extraction. Piv nrog rau cov tsoos inorganic acid pretreatment system, nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov kub siab qis, kev sib cais yooj yim, tsis muaj kev qhia txog inorganic ions, thiab muaj zog sib raug zoo rau cov dej ntws qis. Raws li ib qho txiaj ntsig hydrogen,formic acid kuj tau kawm dav thiab siv rau hauv kev xaiv catalytic hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm biomass platform tebchaw rau cov tshuaj muaj nqis ntxiv, lignin degradation rau cov tshuaj tsw qab, thiab bio-roj hydrodeoxidation refining txheej txheem. Piv nrog rau cov txheej txheem hydrogenation ib txwm nyob ntawm H2, formic acid muaj kev hloov pauv siab thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv me me. Nws yog qhov yooj yim thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb, thiab tuaj yeem txo cov khoom siv thiab lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv fossil hauv cov txheej txheem bio-refining. Cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau pom tias los ntawm depolymerizing oxidized lignin hauvformic acid aqueous tov nyob rau hauv me me tej yam kev mob, ib tug tsawg molecular yuag aromatic tov nrog ib tug hnyav piv ntau dua 60% yuav tau. Qhov kev tshawb pom tshiab no coj cov cib fim tshiab rau kev rho tawm ncaj qha ntawm cov tshuaj tsw qab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm lignin.

Hauv kev xaus, bio-based formic acidqhia tau hais tias muaj peev xwm loj hauv ntsuab organic synthesis thiab biomass hloov dua siab tshiab, thiab nws cov versatility thiab multipurpose yog qhov tseem ceeb kom ua tiav kev siv cov khoom siv raw thiab kev xaiv siab ntawm cov khoom lag luam. Tam sim no, daim teb no tau ua tiav qee qhov kev ua tiav thiab tau tsim kho sai, tab sis tseem muaj qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov ntawv thov kev lag luam tiag tiag, thiab xav tau kev tshawb nrhiav ntxiv. Kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej yuav tsum tsom mus rau cov hauv qab no: (1) yuav ua li cas xaiv cov hlau catalytic active hlau thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb; (2) yuav ua li cas thiaj li ua tau zoo thiab tswj tau cov formic acid nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm lwm yam raw khoom thiab reagents; (3) Yuav ua li cas to taub cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mechanism ntawm complex cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm qib molecular; (4) Yuav ua li cas stabilize tus coj catalyst hauv cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam. Saib rau yav tom ntej, raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm lub neej niaj hnub no rau ib puag ncig, kev lag luam thiab kev txhim kho kom ruaj khov, formic acid chemistry yuav tau txais kev saib xyuas ntau dua thiab kev tshawb fawb los ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev kawm.